Статистика України

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25 років досвіду вибіркових обстежень домогосподарств в офіційній статистиці України: основні надбання, проблеми, перспективи
(Національна академія статистики, обліку та аудиту, 2023) Саріогло В. Г.
Починаючи з 1998 року, в державній статистиці України накопичено величезний досвід організації та проведення вибіркових обстежень домогосподарств відповідно до міжнародних рекомендацій і стандартів щодо таких обстежень. Наразі гармонізована система вибіркових обстежень домогосподарств, що складається з обстеження умов життя домогосподарств, обстеження робочої сили та обстеження сільськогосподарської діяльності домогосподарств у сільській місцевості, щорічно охоплює близько 100 тис. домогосподарств. Останні репрезентативно представляють усі приватні домогосподарства у різних вибірках зазначених обстежень. У Державній службі статистики України (далі – Держстат), територіальних органах Держстату підготовлено значну кількість фахівців, які володіють необхідними знаннями та навичками щодо проведення таких обстежень. У статті розглядаються основні аспекти досвіду державної статистики України щодо методології та практики організації і проведення вибіркових обстежень домогосподарств, збирання й обробки їх даних, оцінювання показників за результатами обстежень. Обговорюються сильні та слабкі сторони набутого досвіду, потенційні напрями удосконалення обстежень, ризики, що можуть вплинути на якість їх результатів у майбутньому, плани щодо розвитку системи вибіркових обстежень і застосування нових методів збирання й обробки їх результатів. Зазначається, що набутий досвід дав змогу без особливих проблем підійти у 2021 році до розробки підґрунтя для запровадження в Україні такого актуального обстеження, як статистика доходів і умов життя в Європейському Союзі EU-SILC, а також передбачити використання нових технологій збору даних CAPI, CATI та CAWI. Разом з тим указано, що деякі важливі розробки щодо оцінювання показників за результатами обстежень так і не були впроваджені в практику. Наголошується на актуальності проблеми використання Держстатом великих даних в обстеженнях домогосподарств, що уможливлюватиме суттєве зменшення навантаження на них, покращення повноти та своєчасності інформації, зменшення витрат на статистичні спостереження тощо. Такі дані могли би забезпечити оцінювання окремих важливих показників під час війни, коли проведення обстежень домогосподарств у традиційному форматі є неможливим. Обговорюються ризики прискореного переходу до проведення державних вибіркових обстежень домогосподарств переважно за технологіями CATI та CAWI, пов’язані з імовірністю суттєвого погіршення якості результатів через відсутність відповідних навичок у фахівців Держстату, недостатній рівень користування інтернетом населенням, відсутність в Україні якісних реєстрів населення та домогосподарств.
Competitive Advantages of FADN Implementation in Ukraine in the Context of EU Integration
(Національна академія статистики, обліку та аудиту, 2024) Moroz M . A .; Yashchenko L . O .; Pugachov V . M .
Annotation . The article discusses the possibilities of implementing the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) in Ukraine as a tool for increasing the agricultural sector’s competitiveness in EU integration conditions . The FADN system, which is already successfully operating in EU countries, collects and analyses economic data of agricultural enterprises, serving as a basis for sound strategic planning and adaptation to new market conditions . The article emphasises that the integration of FADN contributes to harmonising Ukrainian agricultural production standards with European standards, which is an important factor in increasing the country’s export potential . Management optimisation, increased financial transparency, access to international financing, and other competitive advantages are mentioned . The data obtained in the FADN system will allow Ukrainian agricultural producers to compare their efficiency with that of EU enterprises, identify opportunities for increasing productivity, and reduce costs . Special attention is focused on the history and methodological aspects of FADN organisation in EU countries . A list of competitive advantages from implementing FADN in Ukraine has been identified: 1 . Improving access to EU funds . 2 . Increasing the efficiency of the agricultural sector . 3 . Transparency and improvement of agricultural policy management . 4 . Adaptation to EU standards . 5 . Ensuring the accuracy and completeness of information for the analysis and forecasting of the activities of agricultural producers . 6 . Development of scientific research and innovations . At the same time, the key challenges of implementing the system in Ukraine are outlined, including imperfect digitalisation in rural areas and a low level of farmers’ awareness . The article emphasises that implementing FADN is an important step in ensuring the competitiveness of Ukraine’s agricultural sector, its integration into the European market, and the creation of conditions for sustainable development . Successful implementation of FADN in Ukraine requires active state support, educational work among farmers, and infrastructure development for data collection and processing .
Counteracting the Risks of International Investment in the Conditions of War
(Національна академія статистики, обліку та аудиту, 2023) Vasyechko, O. O.
The study aims to determine critical components of the protection of foreign investors in time of war by case of Ukraine and with account to various categories of investors. Foreign direct investment (FDI) is very volatile due to the sensitivity of foreign investors to information signals, caused by much higher riskiness of foreign markets than internal ones. Heavy FDI inflows in the past are not a guarantee of their similar inwards in the future and vice versa. The process of taking investment decisions depends on the investors’ aversion and the investment climate in a host country. The aversion of companies is dependent on size, organization and origin, which is a result of varying capabilities of counteracting international risks. The investment climate is conditional on the performance of democratic institutions, the formation of democratic society and the progress in a host country, especially in information technologies. The sensitivity to information signals essentially increases for investment projects in countries at war. The war risks feature much higher uncertainty than the risks of peacetime, being extreme by nature, which means that they may have devastating effects for an investor in spite of a low probability of the occurrence, i. e. cause abnormal losses, partial or total ruining of invested assets, or physical injuries, captivity, hostage-taking or death of company staff. This offers an argument for reasonability of the systemic approach to setting up the public policy on attracting foreign direct investment in time of war with accounting for various investor categories and special emphasis on the risk management tools that are capable to increase the level of investors’ protection and certainty. We believe that the key ones are information support for the process of taking investment decisions, formation of reserve capital by estimating value at risk and conditional value at risk, double diversification of invested assets, risk premium and international insurance of FDI. International insurance is the core component of a scheme for the protection of investors in time of war, and when the aggressor is a country with permanent membership in the UN Security Council, its guarantee will require initiatives collaborated with international partners
Ensuring the Psychological Aspects of Individuals’ Economic Security: Income, Economic Happiness, and Empirical Evidence
(Статистика України, 2024) Pan, Li
Economic security, as a key aspect of state strategy, continues to remain at the forefront of political research and public debates. In light of contemporary global challenges, including geopolitical tensions and economic disruptions such as the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia’s war against Ukraine in 2022, which continues to cause significant harm to the lives, security, and health of individuals in Ukraine and other countries, it is important to consider not only macroeconomic indicators but also the individual economic conditions of citizens. This study is based on data obtained within the framework of the seventh wave of the World Values Survey (WVS), conducted in South Korea. I applied the ordered logit regression (OLR) method and conducted statistical analysis using Stata software to explore the relationship between objective and subjective indicators of individuals and the consequences of subjective feelings of anxiety, level of happiness on the perception of one’s own health. The obtained results clearly demonstrate a strong positive correlation between individuals’ personal economic indicators and their subjective sense of satisfaction and happiness. This indicates that individual economic conditions significantly influence psychological well-being and overall life satisfaction. Moreover, data analysis highlights the need for the development and implementation of effective social programs and strategies aimed at supporting citizens’ economic well-being. Thus, there is a call for active government involvement in creating conditions to improve the economic status of the population with the aim of enhancing happiness levels and overall societal well-being, particularly for those countries with abundant resources to ensure economic prosperity but instead of prioritizing the economic security of their citizens, focus on external threats and under the pretext of security initiate wars against other countries. It is recommended to adopt an approach that balances attention to macroeconomic aspects with consideration of individual citizens’ needs, thereby contributing to sustainable and harmonious societal development. The scientific findings of this study can serve as a basis for the development and implementation of more effective social and economic policy strategies aimed at improving citizens’ quality of life and public welfare.
EU FADN farm classification: first experience of Ukraine in a European perspective
(Національна академія статистики, обліку та аудиту, 2025) Yashchenko, L.; Marongiu, S.,; Prokopenko, O.; Kruglyak, H.
The article analyzes the typology of agricultural holdings within the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) and its impact on the formation of the common agricultural policy. The study emphasizes the importance of FADN as a tool for collecting, processing and analyzing economic data on farms, which contributes to the development of effective management strategies and policy-making processes. Particular attention is paid to methodological issues of farm classification and potential benefits of adapting EU experience to the Ukrainian specifics of the agricultural sector. The article describes the methodology used for typological classification based on economic size and farm type (such as specialist crop or livestock farms). It involves grouping farms based on Standard Output (SO). This classification helps identify structural characteristics, income levels, and production focus among farms. The procedure of the farm classification can be described in the following steps: Stage 1: Calculation of Standard Output Coefficients (SOC). Stage 2: Calculation of SO for each production (crops and livestock). Stage 3: Calculation of the total SO of the farm. Stage 4: Determination of the Economic Size of the farm. Stage 5: Determination of the Type of Farm. In addition, the study identifies problems associated with data collection, methodological discrepancies and the integration of small farms into the FADN system. The authors emphasize that the importance of maintaining harmonized typological classifications across EU member states. Such consistency ensures the reliability of cross-country comparisons and supports the formulation of effective agricultural policies that address the diversity of farming structures within the Union. So, the implementation of FADN in Ukraine will contribute to the harmonization of agricultural statistics and comparative analysis at the European level. The article concludes that further improvement of the typology framework and strengthening of digitalization efforts will contribute to better policy formulation and sustainable development of agriculture of Ukraine.
Gender Equality Indicators in Ukraine: Impact Analysis of Gender Initiatives
(Національна академія статистики, обліку та аудиту, 2025) Akbash K . S .; Pasichnyk N . O .; Rizhnіak R . Yа .
The article presents the results of a study on determining the impact of gender initiatives on indicators of gender equality in Ukraine . For analysis, the authors chose the Gender Development Index and the Gender Inequality Index, as well as their composite indicators . The gradation of gender initiatives was carried out using the following scale: general issues of gender equality; development of gender-sensitive legislation; conducting a gender audit; introducing a gender component into educational programs; combating gender stereotypes and discrimination; protection from gender-based violence; gender-responsive budgeting . The result of the study was the following practical conclusions . Firstly, the correlation analysis between gender indices (Gender Development Index and Gender Inequality Index) and the total number of gender initiatives showed that gender initiatives have a significant impact on key indicators of gender development and gender inequality in Ukraine . Secondly, the forecast of stable values for the Gender Development Index indicates that we should not expect significant changes in this index in the coming years . This may indicate the sustainability of gender policies and the level of equality, but at the same time it indicates that global changes may not be fast enough . Third, the decline in the Gender Inequality Index indicates potential positive changes . The forecast for the coming years shows the possibility of reducing inequality, which could be the result of successful reforms and policies . Fourthly, the forecast of a decrease in the number of gender initiatives is a signal for a review of the current situation in the field of gender equality . A significant decline in activity may indicate that greater efforts should be made to support and implement new programs to combat gender inequality . However, these forecasts only partially take into account possible changes caused by military events in Ukraine . The factor of war can significantly affect these indicators, leading to increased inequality or even decreased access to basic rights and resources for women and minorities . The impact of war on the number of gender initiatives may be even more pronounced because in times of war, states may cut funding for social programs or focus on rebuilding infrastructure rather than promoting gender equality . This could lead to a sharp reduction in the number of initiatives or their cancellation . Taking this factor into account is important for adjusting policy strategies and initiatives that aim to support equality in the face of global upheaval .
Harmonizing Non-financial Information of Business Enterprises in the European Union and Ukraine
(Національна академія статистики, обліку та аудиту, 2023) Lubenchenko O. E.
Apart from financial statements, business enterprises make and submit non-financial reporting regulated by several Directives of the European Union (EU), national law of EU member states and Ukraine. Recently these normative documents required amendments, because users of non-financial reporting were concerned with a broader range of supplementary information. It covers company’s goals and strategies; environmental sustainability; extension of the responsibility of company management and top administrative staff for the assurance of sustainability; the concept of materiality and its analysis; the assessment of risks specific to sustainability, affecting the performance of company and having indirect adverse effects for community and environment; the disclosure of information on intangible assets (human, intellectual and social capital); research, development and innovation; social responsibility before employees, respect to human rights and fighting with corruption and bribery. Therefore, the EU Council approved the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive. The information disclosure in non-financial report was made the exclusive responsibility of business enterprise management, and it depends on the specific of national law and business activities of an enterprise. Bearing this in mind, the procedure for the compilation of non-financial report was developed, with clarifying the issues that required consideration: structuring of non-financial reporting; setting up the indicators of financial and non-financial reporting; collection of data and estimation of results; preparation, monitoring and presentation of the report. The proposed structuring is meant to help a business enterprise focus on urgent issues of non-financial reporting, first and foremost on highlighting its market sustainability and sustainable development perspectives. A set of indicators characterizing non-financial reports is proposed: ratio of competition intensity, ratio of market advantage, overall index of labor productivity, index of turnover of goods, works and services. Clarifications are made in the basic terminology: non-financial information, nonfinancial reporting, sustainable development, integrated reporting, and corporate reporting. They help make the procedure for monitoring of non-financial reporting regular and transparent for users.
High-Tech Industry in the EU: Policy, Economy, Statistics
(Національна академія статистики, обліку та аудиту, 2024) Salikhova O. B.
The analysis of the legal framework supporting the European Union’s decisions on the EU industrial sector, particularly high-tech manufacturing, shows that the European Commission maintains a long-standing commitment to prioritizing technological development in industries. To enhance their potential and competitive advantages, mechanisms of industrial, scientific-technological, and innovation policy are primarily employed. At the same time, research results show the growing trade deficit EU high-tech trade. The aim of the article is to deepen understanding on the policy and economic dimensions of high-tech activity, as well as to statistical estimates of production and international trade flows of high-tech goods in EU between 2008 and 2023. The economic-statistical analysis revealed that, since the early 2000s, the EU has gradually increased its trade deficit in high-tech goods with China. In 2009, the negative balance was €43.1 billion, rising to €73.1 billion by 2019; in 2022, the trade deficit with China reached a historic high of €129.6 billion; by the end of 2023, it was €105.5 billion. Countries such as Thailand, South Korea, Malaysia, Taiwan, and Vietnam have significantly increased their exports of high-tech goods to the EU since 2019, contributing to a growing negative balance. Before the pandemic in 2019, imports from Asian countries of high-tech goods in the groups of Electronics & Telecommunications and Computers and office machines grew at the highest rates. In the category of Electronics & Telecommunications, imports from China increased from €63,013.9 million to €89,228.1 million from 2019 to 2023; imports from Taiwan – from €3,644.7 million to €16,489.4 million; and imports from Vietnam – from €110.2 million to €14,053.8 million. In the category of Computers and office machines, imports from China increased from €40,177.4 million to €42,752.0 million; imports from Taiwan – from €802.6 million to €9,917.6 million; and imports from Vietnam – from €21.1 million to €2,787.2 million. This led to a significant trade deficit for the EU in high-tech goods from these countries. The work substantiates that the EU leadership has adopted new political documents, which prioritize reducing strategic external dependency on imports and implementing measures to enhance their effectiveness. It should serve as benchmarks for developing policies for the growth of high-tech industries in Ukraine amid wartime conditions and post-war economic recovery.
International Trade of Pharmaceutical Products and Issues of National Security
(Національна академія статистики, обліку та аудиту, 2024) Salikhova O . B .
With the COVID-19 pandemic, the world entered a reality that can be called “medicines power” . The closure of factories in China due to strict quarantine, the ban on exporting certain goods from India in early 2020, the unavailability of air transportation, and blocked sea routes caused disruptions in supply and blocked value-added chains . It became evident: there is a threat of depend on the import of active pharmaceutical ingredients and medicaments, medicinal, and pharmaceutical products, production of which is concentrated in Asia . It is clear that countries with scientific, technological, innovational and production capabilities to ensure the needs of healthcare sector (including pharmaceutical goods), are less vulnerable and dependent on imported supplies (mostly from unfriendly nations) . On the contrary, countries lacking adequate resources face national security threats . These threats are especially exacerbated during epidemics, crises, environmental disasters, and military conflicts . The aim of this article is to analyze of EU policy and the key trends in the export of pharmaceutical industry products from the EU, especially after the large-scale russian military invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 (and the European Council’s strong condemnation of russia’s aggressive war against Ukraine, and the imposition of a series of sanctions); in particular the identification of the volume of exports to russia and Ukraine; the development of recommendations for Ukraine regarding the development of the pharmaceutical industry and reducing external dependence on supplies and threats to national security . The analysis showed that in 2023, russia ranked 6th among the largest EU partners for the import of medicinal products, medical and pharmaceutical goods . The EU exported medicaments, medicinal, and pharmaceutical products to russia worth €8 .8 billion (medicaments, medicinal, and pharmaceutical products became the leaders in exports from the EU to russia in 2022–2023) . Ukraine paid $1 .96 billion for the import of this goods; in 2023, the expenses increased to $2 .21 billion (close to the amount paid in 2019, which was $2 .24 billion), despite a significant decrease in Ukraine’s population due to migration, casualties, and the temporary occupation of Ukrainian territories . Since the responsibility of governments lies in efforts to care for the nation’s health, ensure the efficiency of the economic system and social stability, the article justifies the need to initiate negotiations with European partners regarding the construction of pharmaceutical enterprises (relocating from Asia), specifically for the production of pharmaceutical and biological ingredients, as well as finished medicines, within Ukraine . Such measures are a rational and politically justified decision . This will help reduce the EU and Ukraine’s external strategic dependence on supplies (including from unfriendly countries) and ensure the regulation and management of the industry’s development in national interests . In case of threats, this will allow measures to influence the structure and volume of production, which, as the 2020 lockdown showed, turned out to be impossible with the placement of production capacities in countries where the free flow of goods becomes difficult in crisis situations .
Measuring the Sustainable Development and Building Its Global Indicators: The Methodological Framework
(Статистика України, 2024) Kobylynska, Т . V .; Kobylynskyi, V . M .
The article elaborates on the methodological framework for measurement of the sustainable development, incorporated in the EU policy and legislation through the strategy for socio-economic development of EU “Europe 2020” . The 2030 Agenda on Sustainable Development (referred to hereinafter as the 2030 Agenda), fully conforming to the EU’s vision of the future, has become a sustainable development blueprint at global scales . EU member states continue to be leaders in implementing the 2030 Agenda and SDGs with the full compliance with the subsidiarity principle . The monitoring on the progress on the way to SDGs is carried out by the SDGs nomenclature using open and inclusive approach, with the involvement of EU Council Committees (economics, financial, labor, social protection), the European Statistical Advisory Committee, the European Environment Agency, nongovernment organizations, other international organizations and research circles . The indicators measuring the progress towards SDGs have been selected in view of their compliance with the EU policy, potentials, accessibility, country coverage, timeliness and quality . It is emphasized in assessing the regional and sub-regional progress towards SDGs, the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP) uses two main indicators: index of current progress and index of achieved progress . Three main approaches designed for the same purpose, to assess the progress towards SDGs, were analyzed . It was revealed that these approaches provide responses on absolutely different questions . As each method is specific in terms of data set, analytical tools and ways of results’ interpretation, each country should make its own choice of the methodology to be used . The notion of “achieved progress” can have many different definitions depending on what dimension is addressed, what goal is set, what comparison is made, how the data are aggregated or how the indicators are selected and used . Regarding the domestic trends, it is highlighted that the national statistical system of Ukraine jointly with VoxUkraine and with support from the UN Development Program for Ukraine makes assessment of the progress towards SDGs by UNESCAP methodology .
The National Bank of Ukraine During the War: The Preliminary Assessment of Actions and Effects
(Статистика України, 2024) Motuzka, O . M .; Szyszko, M .
The article contains results of a study on the monetary policy of the National Bank of Ukraine (NBU) in time of the war . NBU does not have a crucial role in management of the crisis related with the war . But it plays a pivotal role in ensuring the proper operation of the national economy, cares about the price stability and supports the economic policy of the state . The NBU’s role in mitigating the economic crisis in Ukraine stemming from the war and in sustaining the social stability is vitally important . It is stressed that the military action accompanied by the humanitarian crisis made NBU refocus the effort on monetary provision of the economy and sustaining the macroeconomic stability . The Russian invasion of Ukraine opened an historic opportunity for watching the monetary policy pursued by a central bank in the conditions of war . Once the large-scale war broke out, the Ukrainian economy (and, hence, the government and NBU) had to encounter vast financial losses . Many citizens fled abroad amid the growing need to purchase imported goods for army supply . This boosted the public expenditures, including hard-currency ones . To keep the reserves, NBU had to impose tough currency restrictions, including ones on the purchase of uncritical imports . To prevent a potential immediate devaluation of hryvna (UAH) at the beginning of the war, NBU fixed UAH rate to foreign currencies on February 24, 2022 and suspended calculations of the reference rate UAH/USD . It is emphasized that NBU has developed a set of potential measures to strengthen the monetary transmission and optimize the structural surplus of UAH liquidity . Details of these measures’ design are being discussed as part of the current consultations of NBU and the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine with IMF . In the forthcoming period, NBU is expected to focus on implementing an updated structure of regulatory capital, updated approaches to determining the risk weights for selected types of assets, the leverage ratio, the limit of significant risks and the standards for information disclosure .
Policy of Development of High-tech in China: Lessons for Ukraine
(Національна академія статистики, обліку та аудиту, 2023) Salikhova, O. B.; Krekhivskyi, O. V.
China in the late 1980s, has embarked on a new path of high-tech manufactury development that is in line with its ambitions. The philosophy of China’s innovation and industrial policy is based on the idea that the achievement of competitive manufactury must be through the national high-tech zones and high-tech enterprises, creating new products and processes based on indigenous innovation. The purpose of the study is to to explore the Chinese experience on policy and mechanisms of development of high-tech manufacturies and to analyze of statistical tools to assess its implications; to assess the appropriateness or feasibility of their application in modern economic conditions of Ukraine. The study’s results have enhanced the existing understanding of the effect of State on accelerating the process structural transformation of the economy and its qualitative technological growth. Discovered the fact, that the Chinese Government is providing substantial support in the form of subsidies and tax incentives for establishment of special high-tech zones and high-tech enterprises for encourage the production of new and high-tech products and processes. It was revealed that, in order to grasp the economic operation and scientific, technological, industrial development of high-tech zones and high-tech enterprises, statistical investigation system was specially formulated іn addition to official statistics of the High-tech industries. It is proven that China’s state-led innovation development model has successfully accompanied and stimulated the growth of high-tech over the last 30 years; and has produced numerous endogenous technological innovations. Analysis revealed that considerable efforts in the field of policy of China transforming the industry into a high-tech sector of the economy and a powerful player in the global market have outstanding performance. The article presents the new indicator EVA – coefficient of Comparative Advantages in the Domestic Value Added Exports and formula for its calculation is provided which allow the assessment of the position of China’s high-tech industries, widening the ‘revealed comparative advantage’ concept. This study shows some important conclusions about the determinants of success of the Chinese government in increase of resources for the modernization of industrial technologies, building and strengthening of potential of domestic high-tech manufacturies. It would be advisable to take into account some important levers of influence, following the example of China, when choosing mechanisms for the economic recovery of Ukraine after war.
Research of Eco-Innovations as the Basis for the Sustainable Economic Development: Theoretical Dimensions
(Національна академія статистики, обліку та аудиту, 2023) Hrynchak N . А .; Motuzka O . M .; Galitsyna O . V .
The article discusses theoretical dimensions of research of eco-innovations as the basis of the sustainable economic development . The role of eco-innovation is substantiated and the formation of the concept of ecoinnovation is studied . The essence of eco-innovations is defined, with showing their distinction from other categories of innovations . A specific feature of eco-innovations, technologies for renewable energy in particular, is that they a require political support and have global market potentials . Eco-innovations cannot be interpreted in a way similar to other innovations (e . g . from the perspective of dual external effects or regulatory effects of pull and push) . They need a relevant theory and specific policies . The types of innovations are characterized . The unclear borderlines between various types of parallel innovations are highlighted, which complicates research processes . Innovations and eco-effectiveness are key components of national and international economic strategies and strategic components of the sustainable development . Innovations increase the effectiveness and profitability of businesses, allowing them to penetrate new markets and expand the existing ones . Hence, being a critical factor behind the sustainable development, innovations promote employment growth, social welfare and better quality of life . The drivers of eco-innovations are characterized . The contribution of eco-innovations in the sustainable economic development and transformation of the economy in low-carbon or circular one is substantiated . Given that eco-innovations are a process and that the environmental effects of the product lifecycle have to be comprehensible, eco-innovations are very difficult to measure . The most common methods used for this purpose can be grouped in the following way: analysis of surveys; analysis of patents; analysis of digital and documentary resources . Measurement of eco-innovations at various levels, be it company, industry, region country or international level, is a complex and multipurpose problem .
The Russian-Ukrainian War: the Possibility of Assessment of Demographic Losses
(Статистика України, 2024) Puhachova, M. V.
Determining demographic losses in wars is an important and complicated problem for demographers and statisticians and a vital one for the society. To have the result produced, specialists need to assess not only immediate direct death toll among military and civilians due to warfare, but the war-entailed migration of the population beyond the country borders and the decreased birth rate. Regrettably, the full-scale Russian invasion in the Ukrainian territory has already demonstrated an incredibly high death toll. Because the official statistics provided by the State Statistics Service of Ukraine has abstained, since the beginning of 2022, from publishing estimates pertaining to natural and mechanic movement of the population due to security considerations in time of war, researchers have to use information from various analytical websites, produced on the basis of available sources. Another challenge is the prolonged absence of a population census that was performed in independent Ukraine only once, in 2001. Hence, prior to the full-scale invasion the information on the population number (together with the temporarily occupied Crimea and the territories in the East) was based on estimated data. The article presents an attempt to analyze, on the basis of available information, the relative death toll due to the Russian-Ukrainian war over nine years, and to compare it with the analogous data for selected Balkan countries in the wars of late 20th – early 21st centuries. It is demonstrated that the annual relative death toll due to warfare (per 100,000 population) in Ukraine in 2022, although estimated by the available incomplete data, exceed all the analogous figures for Balkan countries. The article’s objective is to explore a feasibility of assessing demographic losses, relative death toll in particular, in time of the Russian-Ukrainian war and Balkan wars. The analysis led to the conclusion that the demographic losses in Ukraine could not be feasibly assessed not only due to missing data on excess casualties caused by the war, but also due to the unknown number of temporary migrants (war refugees) and impossibility to estimate the number of children probably unborn due to the war.
Statistical Accounting and Classification of Water Resources
(Національна академія статистики, обліку та аудиту, 2025) Motuzka, O . M .
The article examines the role of statistical accounting and classification of water resources in ensuring sustainable development, environmental balance, and economic security . Water is not only a fundamental component of the natural environment but also a critical factor in the economic activity, determining the operation of key sectors such as agriculture, industry, energy, and urban infrastructure . In the face of global challenges – freshwater scarcity, water pollution, climate change, and increasing water stress – the development of a reliable system for water statistics becomes crucial . Such a system allows for quantitative and qualitative assessment of water availability, use, management efficiency, and environmental risks . The study contains a review of leading international approaches to water statistics, particularly the SEEAWater and IRWS frameworks, which integrate hydrological and economic indicators into the national accounting systems . Special attention is paid to conceptual approaches to assessing water as an economic asset, including the notions of water stress, virtual water, water footprint, full-cost pricing, and polycentric water governance . The article substantiates the need to develop a comprehensive system of sustainable water use indicators that includes water intensity, deficit ratios, pollution indices, and water supply reliability metrics . This approach enables tracking of water use dynamics and supports evidence-based decision-making at national and international level . A significant part of the study is devoted to the analysis of water classification systems . International classification approaches are considered, based on renewability, source, geography, quality, and sectoral use . Additionally, the article presents a national classification system that takes into account the legal status of water bodies, their physical form, affiliation with the water fund, economic purpose, and features of accounting in business entities . The findings highlight the need to harmonize national statistical practices with international standards, ensure institutional transparency, engage communities in data collection, and establish an integrated water monitoring system as a foundation for water security and sustainable development .
Statistical Assessment of Sustainable Urban Water Ecosystems
(Національна академія статистики, обліку та аудиту, 2023) Kobylynska, Т. V.; Motuzka, O. M.; Kobylynskyi, V. M.
The integrated character of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) reflects interconnectedness of water systems and their rich biodiversity, supplying communities with foods, clean water and air, mineral resources, and regulating their welfare and economic growth. The increasing awareness of the importance of public access to water ecosystems can have a positive impact on these ecosystems and encourage partnerships to responsible management of these resources and reactions on water crises through improvements of skills and competencies. The article highlights that the development of partnership relations for the achievement of SDGs is a target 17 of SDGs. An assessment of global and national objectives and indicators laid in the basis of the assessment of a progress on the way to the sustainable environmental accounting and the development of urban water ecosystems is given. It should be noted that the statistical information in divided into four groups which data are used in monitoring of the green economy performance: statistical base of nature assets; environmental and resource productivity of economy; environmental quality of life; economic capabilities and political reactions. The analysis showed the importance of the environmental inclusion of respective spatial groups. Aggregations based on drainage basin or ecosystem can provide better understanding of the environmental dimension of many interconnections defined for sweet water and seawater ecosystems. It is expected, however, that the applicable methods and tools will be elaborated in parallel, to simplify data use by politicians. A deeper understanding of interconnections of SDGs will enable for enhancing the efficiency of political measures. It is concluded that the sustainable development and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development can be achieved only by implementing the overall sectoral approach that will combine the tendencies of the indicators related with the environment with robust policy analysis. This requires the cohesion of all the sustainable development policy dimensions on the basis of the integrated approach, to ensure the elaboration of complementary strategies and to avoid compromises.
Statistics of State Regulation and Financing of Science and Innovation in Ukraine
(Національна академія статистики, обліку та аудиту, 2024) Krekhivskyi O . V .
The russian military aggression and the introduction of martial law in Ukraine have demonstrated the complete dependence on the import of technologies and high-tech goods, particularly those necessary for ensuring defense and security . This situation may be the result of ignoring, in previous years, the need for a targeted state policy aimed at developing technologies (based on native developments), stimulating innovation, and expanding national high-tech production . The aim of the article is to deepen the understanding of the process of organization and state regulation of scientific, technological, and innovation activities in Ukraine, as well as Statistical Assessment of financing from the state budget of priorities defined at the legislative level . It has been determined that the main problems leading to the shortage of high-tech goods and dependence on their imports are the following: the unclear definition of the powers of central executive bodies regarding innovation policy and weak coordination between central executive bodies regarding the implementation of complementary innovation policy measures, as well as the lack of alignment of these measures with the military command bodies and market requirements, hinders the development of required technologies and the scaling of serial production of innovative products . It was revealed that in 2023, the funds from the state budget allocated under the economic classification code 2281 “Scientific research and development, individual activities for the implementation of state (regional) programs” were allocated to approximately 30 recipients (funds managers) . At the same time, only 15 of the main budgetary fund managers under Code 2281 funded projects in 2023 that aligned with the identified priority areas for the development of science and technology . The largest contributors were the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine . The need for the modernization of the legal, economic, and organizational foundations of state policy in the field of scientific & technical and innovation activity in Ukraine has been justified . This includes determining the most effective forms of state stimulation and providing state aid for innovation development . By updating these legal and regulatory frameworks, the government can better support innovation that is critical to national security, defense, and economic stability . This approach will help align state efforts with current needs and ensure that innovation in Ukraine is not only a driver of economic growth but also an essential component of national resilience in the face of both security and economic challenges . To ensure the implementation of a unified scientific, technical, and innovation policy aimed at meeting urgent needs during martial law, it is necessary to update the system of priority areas of scientific, technical, and innovation activities at the legislative level . To evaluate the effectiveness of state scientific, technical, and innovation policies and the measures taken, it is necessary to create a system for informational, analytical, and statistical support of decision making . This includes, first of all, developing a list of indicators for the effectiveness of mechanisms stimulating scientific, technical, and innovative activities within the state-defined priorities in the fields of science, technology, and innovation, as well as a methodology for calculating, collecting, and analyzing these indicators . Moreover, monitoring the effectiveness of mechanisms stimulating scientific, technical, and innovative activities within state-defined priorities should be introduced, using official statistical information and administrative data . Additionally, it is necessary to work on the issue of inventorying government budget expenditures on research and development (by the budgetary authorities) . These issues should become areas for further research and the creation of an appropriate information and statistical toolkit .
Sustainable Development Reporting: Challenges or Opportunities for Auditors?
(Національна академія статистики, обліку та аудиту, 2025) Lubenchenko О . Е .
The Directive of the European Parliament and Council from December 14, 2022 No . 2022/2464/EU on corporate sustainability reporting and the adoption of the European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS) require that business entities and audit firms adapt their organizational processes of reporting and verifications to the new requirements . Ukraine demonstrates its propensity to the European choice by joining the strategies on the way towards Sustainable Development Goals . Hence, an important challenge for domestic enterprises is learning the sustainability reporting requirements, and for domestic auditors it is mastering the techniques for assurance engagements on this reporting . The article contains a review and systematization of the requirements of European legal acts on sustainability reporting, with detailing the structure of report in compliance with ESRS 1; a review of the Recommendations of the Committee of European Auditing Oversight Bodies on assurance engagements and main challenges faced by audit firms in implementing European standards for sustainability reporting, as well as opportunities opened by this practice . The definitions of terms “reasonable assurance” and “limited assurance” were examined . The author analyzed the need for adapting the auditing procedures to new requirements . For the limited assurance engagement, the following procedures were outlined: questioning of business entity’s staff, analytical substantive procedures, tests of control measures, assessment of the evidence from external (alternative) sources . Organizational approaches to the limited assurance engagement on sustainability were proposed, the phases in determining the impact materiality were outlined . A structure of the report on limited assurance on sustainability to be made by the auditor / independent practical specialist was developed . The author’s propositions can be used as a framework for ensuring quality of assurance engagements performed on legal grounds or on request of investors or other stakeholders . European innovations in the sustainable development field, while charging audit firms with a heavy responsibility, open up before them new perspectives and new markets, enhance the auditors’ role in ensuring the resilience and transparency of companies, foster new skills and competences in the domain of sustainability audit .
The Impact of the Polish-Ukrainian Borderland on the Local Community Well-Being
(Національна академія статистики, обліку та аудиту, 2023) Okrasa W.
This article discusses selected results of a comparative study aimed at understanding the relationship between the location – in particular, within the borderland, understood as an area within a radius of 50 km from the Polish-Ukrainian border, on both sides – and the development of the community, on one side, and its impact on well-being of the areas’ inhabitants, households and individuals, on the other. As emphasized in the general hypothesis underlying this study, the importance of locating in such areas (both for communities and individuals) results from transborder economic activity, which was quite intensive before the February 2022. The question about the role of ‘placeʼ and ‘spaceʼ for quality of life and well-being – including possible concentration of territorial units (gminas, rayons) of similar levels of development, or ‘neighbourhood effect’ (or clustering) among individuals/households – needs to be extended by analysis of the cross-level interaction between the community’s and individual’s respective measures of development and well-being. For this purpose, data from the two types of sources are used: (i) Local Data Bank (Poland) and Rayon Database (Ukraine) to characterize the level of (under)development and local deprivation, and (ii) data from survey of households conducted in parallel way in selected communes in Podkarpacie and Lviv. In the conclusions, confirmed is expectation that border residential neighbourhood/borderland has significant impact on individual and community respective measures, and on interaction between them (e.g., on average higher well-being in less deprived/better developed communities). However, some caution should be exercised when drawing conclusions for policy purposes, given the narrow scope of this type of (non-representative) research. But the methodological advantage of the above approach due to the inclusion of spatial aspects argues for the need for its further exploration, in a comparative perspective.
Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to the Statistical Support of the Structural Transformations in the Economy
(Національна академія статистики, обліку та аудиту, 2025) Zakhozhai V . B .; Savytskyi А . V .
The challenges of today caused by the aggravating economic crisis in Ukraine, numerous threats to the national security, in particular the ones resulting from invasion and occupation of the Ukrainian territory by the Russian army, massive destruction of the national economy are the evidence of the need in revision, elaboration and development of efficient structural transformation processes in the Ukrainian economy . This involves the need in devising and implementing an adequate information and analytical support that would allow to set up tactical and strategic dimensions of this reconstruction . This determines the relevance of the research topic . The research objective is to highlight the meaning of the notions “structure”, “structural shifts”, “structural crisis”, “transformation”, “transformation process”, “structural transformation’, to reveal their common and distinct features, to outline the criteria of the efficiency of structural shifts and ways of enhancing the structural transformation processes in Ukraine, and to describe their assessment techniques . The objective was achieved using empirical, theoretical and complex methods of statistical research: observation, comparison, abstraction, analysis and synthesis, formal logic, analogy and deduction . The importance of information and analytical support at each hierarchical level of economic management, from business enterprise to macro-economy, is demonstrated . A series of meaningful approaches are given, with proposing to use them, depending on the need and circumstances, either separately or in various combination or as an integrated set . Characterizations of existing types of assessment from the qualitative and quantitative perspective allowed to give descriptions of their statistical algorithms, and to substantiate the feasibility of the universal approach based on a universal metric . It enables to assess qualitative and quantitative parameters of transformations, determine their efficiency, and (in case of need) to rank the objects under study . The practical value of this article is that the proposed techniques can be used in the decision-making process pertaining to structural transformations in Ukraine at all the hierarchical levels of economic management, from business entities to the macro-economy .

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