Статистика України

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25 років досвіду вибіркових обстежень домогосподарств в офіційній статистиці України: основні надбання, проблеми, перспективи
(Національна академія статистики, обліку та аудиту, 2023) Саріогло В. Г.
Починаючи з 1998 року, в державній статистиці України накопичено величезний досвід організації та проведення вибіркових обстежень домогосподарств відповідно до міжнародних рекомендацій і стандартів щодо таких обстежень. Наразі гармонізована система вибіркових обстежень домогосподарств, що складається з обстеження умов життя домогосподарств, обстеження робочої сили та обстеження сільськогосподарської діяльності домогосподарств у сільській місцевості, щорічно охоплює близько 100 тис. домогосподарств. Останні репрезентативно представляють усі приватні домогосподарства у різних вибірках зазначених обстежень. У Державній службі статистики України (далі – Держстат), територіальних органах Держстату підготовлено значну кількість фахівців, які володіють необхідними знаннями та навичками щодо проведення таких обстежень. У статті розглядаються основні аспекти досвіду державної статистики України щодо методології та практики організації і проведення вибіркових обстежень домогосподарств, збирання й обробки їх даних, оцінювання показників за результатами обстежень. Обговорюються сильні та слабкі сторони набутого досвіду, потенційні напрями удосконалення обстежень, ризики, що можуть вплинути на якість їх результатів у майбутньому, плани щодо розвитку системи вибіркових обстежень і застосування нових методів збирання й обробки їх результатів. Зазначається, що набутий досвід дав змогу без особливих проблем підійти у 2021 році до розробки підґрунтя для запровадження в Україні такого актуального обстеження, як статистика доходів і умов життя в Європейському Союзі EU-SILC, а також передбачити використання нових технологій збору даних CAPI, CATI та CAWI. Разом з тим указано, що деякі важливі розробки щодо оцінювання показників за результатами обстежень так і не були впроваджені в практику. Наголошується на актуальності проблеми використання Держстатом великих даних в обстеженнях домогосподарств, що уможливлюватиме суттєве зменшення навантаження на них, покращення повноти та своєчасності інформації, зменшення витрат на статистичні спостереження тощо. Такі дані могли би забезпечити оцінювання окремих важливих показників під час війни, коли проведення обстежень домогосподарств у традиційному форматі є неможливим. Обговорюються ризики прискореного переходу до проведення державних вибіркових обстежень домогосподарств переважно за технологіями CATI та CAWI, пов’язані з імовірністю суттєвого погіршення якості результатів через відсутність відповідних навичок у фахівців Держстату, недостатній рівень користування інтернетом населенням, відсутність в Україні якісних реєстрів населення та домогосподарств.
Competitive Advantages of FADN Implementation in Ukraine in the Context of EU Integration
(Національна академія статистики, обліку та аудиту, 2024) Moroz M . A .; Yashchenko L . O .; Pugachov V . M .
Annotation . The article discusses the possibilities of implementing the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) in Ukraine as a tool for increasing the agricultural sector’s competitiveness in EU integration conditions . The FADN system, which is already successfully operating in EU countries, collects and analyses economic data of agricultural enterprises, serving as a basis for sound strategic planning and adaptation to new market conditions . The article emphasises that the integration of FADN contributes to harmonising Ukrainian agricultural production standards with European standards, which is an important factor in increasing the country’s export potential . Management optimisation, increased financial transparency, access to international financing, and other competitive advantages are mentioned . The data obtained in the FADN system will allow Ukrainian agricultural producers to compare their efficiency with that of EU enterprises, identify opportunities for increasing productivity, and reduce costs . Special attention is focused on the history and methodological aspects of FADN organisation in EU countries . A list of competitive advantages from implementing FADN in Ukraine has been identified: 1 . Improving access to EU funds . 2 . Increasing the efficiency of the agricultural sector . 3 . Transparency and improvement of agricultural policy management . 4 . Adaptation to EU standards . 5 . Ensuring the accuracy and completeness of information for the analysis and forecasting of the activities of agricultural producers . 6 . Development of scientific research and innovations . At the same time, the key challenges of implementing the system in Ukraine are outlined, including imperfect digitalisation in rural areas and a low level of farmers’ awareness . The article emphasises that implementing FADN is an important step in ensuring the competitiveness of Ukraine’s agricultural sector, its integration into the European market, and the creation of conditions for sustainable development . Successful implementation of FADN in Ukraine requires active state support, educational work among farmers, and infrastructure development for data collection and processing .
Counteracting the Risks of International Investment in the Conditions of War
(Національна академія статистики, обліку та аудиту, 2023) Vasyechko, O. O.
The study aims to determine critical components of the protection of foreign investors in time of war by case of Ukraine and with account to various categories of investors. Foreign direct investment (FDI) is very volatile due to the sensitivity of foreign investors to information signals, caused by much higher riskiness of foreign markets than internal ones. Heavy FDI inflows in the past are not a guarantee of their similar inwards in the future and vice versa. The process of taking investment decisions depends on the investors’ aversion and the investment climate in a host country. The aversion of companies is dependent on size, organization and origin, which is a result of varying capabilities of counteracting international risks. The investment climate is conditional on the performance of democratic institutions, the formation of democratic society and the progress in a host country, especially in information technologies. The sensitivity to information signals essentially increases for investment projects in countries at war. The war risks feature much higher uncertainty than the risks of peacetime, being extreme by nature, which means that they may have devastating effects for an investor in spite of a low probability of the occurrence, i. e. cause abnormal losses, partial or total ruining of invested assets, or physical injuries, captivity, hostage-taking or death of company staff. This offers an argument for reasonability of the systemic approach to setting up the public policy on attracting foreign direct investment in time of war with accounting for various investor categories and special emphasis on the risk management tools that are capable to increase the level of investors’ protection and certainty. We believe that the key ones are information support for the process of taking investment decisions, formation of reserve capital by estimating value at risk and conditional value at risk, double diversification of invested assets, risk premium and international insurance of FDI. International insurance is the core component of a scheme for the protection of investors in time of war, and when the aggressor is a country with permanent membership in the UN Security Council, its guarantee will require initiatives collaborated with international partners
Data Analyst and Data Scientist Professions: Demand, Requirements, and Labor Market Prospects
(Національна академія статистики, обліку та аудиту, 2026) Yashchenko, L. O.
This article presents a comprehensive study of the current state, requirements, and development prospects of the data analyst and data scientist professions in the context of digital economic transformation and dynamic changes in the labor market. It is demonstrated that the rapid growth of data volumes, the proliferation of analytical platforms, and the active adoption of artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies are driving the increasing strategic importance of data professionals in managerial decision-making processes. The empirical basis of the study is laid by analysis of job vacancies on the Work.ua platform (March 2026), enabling to assess the structure of demand, the level of competition, the requirements to applicants, and the salary characteristics. The findings reveal a structural imbalance between labor demand and supply, shown in the higher number of applicants relative to available vacancies, as well as a gap between salary expectations and actual employer offers. The study systematizes the key competencies of data analysts and data scientists, including technical skills (SQL, Python, BI tools), analytical competencies (statistics, modeling), as well as communicational and managerial skills. It is demonstrated that the modern labor market increasingly demands multidisciplinary professionals capable of working across the full data lifecycle – from data collection to the implementation of business solutions. Special emphasis is placed on the transformation of professional roles, reflected in the blurring of boundaries between business analysts, data analysts, and data scientists, as well as the growing importance of hybrid positions. The analysis revealed a clear trend of transition from descriptive analytics to predictive and prescriptive analytics, significantly enhancing the strategic value of analytical activities. The practical significance of the research lies in potential applications of its findings in improving academic programs, developing professional standards, and setting human capital development strategies in the digital economy context.
Developing Electronic Sources of Information on the Population in the Wartime
(Національна академія статистики, обліку та аудиту, 2026) Puhachova, М. V.; Gladun, O. M.
The development of information technologies has significantly enhanced the capacities of complex systems for collection, storage, processing, and use of information. In the recent decades, large volumes of structured data accumulated by official power bodies have been stored in databases and registers, the data on the country population obviously being the largest information arrays. Hence, the electronic information resources containing such data can be considered as a priority source for obtaining population data. However, the applicability of these resources is degraded by several problems, one of them being absence of a single identifier of a physical person, which could have allowed one to combine easily data from various registers. Electronic information resources in Ukraine have shown a steadily upward dynamics, especially remarkable in several recent years, but its vector has changed under the impact of the war: the regulatory framework has been subject to amendments pertaining to the existing registers, databases and systems, and a series of new ones launched, most of which have no foreign analogues. It raises the importance of an analysis of the impact of the Russian-Ukrainian war on creating the system of electronic registers containing population data, and the capability of this system to provide information for demographic research. The article’s objective is to trace the evolution of public electronic registers containing data on the population; to sum up innovations in this field caused by the war context; to explore the applicability of this information base for demographic analysis and assessment of demographic losses. The amendments are examined, made after the large-scale Russian invasion in the Unified State Demographic Register, Registers of Territorial Communities, the State Register of Individuals – Taxpayers, Register of Insured Persons of the State Register of Compulsory State Social Insurance, Unified Information Database of Internally Displaced Persons, Central Database of the Electronic Health Care System (eHealth), Register of Providers and Beneficiaries of Social Services, Data Bank on Orphans and Children Deprived of Parental Care of the Unified Information and Analytical System “Dity”, Integrated Interagency Information and Communication System for Monitoring Persons, Vehicles, and Cargo Crossing the State Border (“Arkan”), Unified State Register of Conscripts, Persons Liable for Military Service, and Reservists “Oberih”, and some others. Another category of examined registers are ones which creation is caused by the large-scale war: Unified State Register of Military Personnel, Information System for the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Unified Register of Persons in Respect of Whom the Fact of Deprivation of Personal Liberty as a Result of Armed Aggression Against Ukraine Has Been Established, Register of Information on Children Deported or Forcibly Displaced in Connection with the Armed Aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. The necessity for real data on the number of the population for effective reconstruction of Ukraine, and for estimating the losses caused by the Russian aggression is emphasized
Digitalization of the EU Manufacturing Sector: The Use of Artificial Intelligence
(Національна академія статистики, обліку та аудиту, 2025) Salikhov M. M.
This paper analyzes the statistical toolkit of Eurostat for collecting and processing data on the implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in enterprises across European Union (EU) countries. The study defines the key aspects of evaluating the adoption of AI technologies, such as text mining, natural language generation (NLG), speech and image recognition, machine learning and deep learning, process automation, and autonomous system management. The application of this toolkit allows for the assessment of the digitalization status of the manufacturing sector in the EU and identifies trends in the integration of advanced technologies into business processes. According to data from 2024, it has been determined that the average level of AI penetration in EU-27 countries remains at an early stage, ranging from 1.46% for autonomous robots to 4.58% for text analysis. It has been analyzed that the most widespread technologies are text mining, NLG, and process automation (RPA/AI software), which can be attributed to their relative ease of implementation and lower investment barriers compared to AI systems embedded in devices, such as autonomous robots for warehouse automation or production assembly works, autonomous drones for production surveillance or parcel handling, etc. Geographic analysis reveals that the leaders in AI implementation are small to medium-sized economies with a high level of digitalization and developed innovation infrastructure: Luxembourg, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Austria, the Netherlands, and Sweden. It has been established that text mining and NLG dominate in countries with advanced data analytics, while machine learning and image recognition are more characteristic of high-tech economies in Northern and Western Europe. It has been found that hardware-intensive technologies, such as autonomous robots, are less widespread due to high financial and technical barriers. In particular, a low level of AI adoption is observed in Eastern and Southern Europe, especially in Romania, Greece, Serbia, Cyprus, and Bulgaria. The study underscores the impact of the size and technological development of a country on the level of AI implementation: small, technologically advanced economies show leadership, whereas larger countries with traditional manufacturing sectors exhibit moderate use of these technologies. In Ukraine from 2026 the government plans to introduce national statistical monitoring of AI usage in enterprises. This will allow for the collection of detailed data on the digitalization of business and the public sector, facilitate the assessment of progress in implementing innovative technologies, monitor strategic priorities, and adjust development policies. Alignment with European standards of AI statistics will ensure comparability of data at the international level and contribute to Ukraine’s integration into global economic processes. The introduction of a national statistical toolkit is an important step for monitoring the digital transformation of the economy, assessing the impact of AI on the competitiveness of enterprises and industries, formulating informed strategic decisions, and developing national innovation policy.
Ensuring the Psychological Aspects of Individuals’ Economic Security: Income, Economic Happiness, and Empirical Evidence
(Статистика України, 2024) Pan, Li
Economic security, as a key aspect of state strategy, continues to remain at the forefront of political research and public debates. In light of contemporary global challenges, including geopolitical tensions and economic disruptions such as the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia’s war against Ukraine in 2022, which continues to cause significant harm to the lives, security, and health of individuals in Ukraine and other countries, it is important to consider not only macroeconomic indicators but also the individual economic conditions of citizens. This study is based on data obtained within the framework of the seventh wave of the World Values Survey (WVS), conducted in South Korea. I applied the ordered logit regression (OLR) method and conducted statistical analysis using Stata software to explore the relationship between objective and subjective indicators of individuals and the consequences of subjective feelings of anxiety, level of happiness on the perception of one’s own health. The obtained results clearly demonstrate a strong positive correlation between individuals’ personal economic indicators and their subjective sense of satisfaction and happiness. This indicates that individual economic conditions significantly influence psychological well-being and overall life satisfaction. Moreover, data analysis highlights the need for the development and implementation of effective social programs and strategies aimed at supporting citizens’ economic well-being. Thus, there is a call for active government involvement in creating conditions to improve the economic status of the population with the aim of enhancing happiness levels and overall societal well-being, particularly for those countries with abundant resources to ensure economic prosperity but instead of prioritizing the economic security of their citizens, focus on external threats and under the pretext of security initiate wars against other countries. It is recommended to adopt an approach that balances attention to macroeconomic aspects with consideration of individual citizens’ needs, thereby contributing to sustainable and harmonious societal development. The scientific findings of this study can serve as a basis for the development and implementation of more effective social and economic policy strategies aimed at improving citizens’ quality of life and public welfare.
EU FADN farm classification: first experience of Ukraine in a European perspective
(Національна академія статистики, обліку та аудиту, 2025) Yashchenko, L.; Marongiu, S.,; Prokopenko, O.; Kruglyak, H.
The article analyzes the typology of agricultural holdings within the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) and its impact on the formation of the common agricultural policy. The study emphasizes the importance of FADN as a tool for collecting, processing and analyzing economic data on farms, which contributes to the development of effective management strategies and policy-making processes. Particular attention is paid to methodological issues of farm classification and potential benefits of adapting EU experience to the Ukrainian specifics of the agricultural sector. The article describes the methodology used for typological classification based on economic size and farm type (such as specialist crop or livestock farms). It involves grouping farms based on Standard Output (SO). This classification helps identify structural characteristics, income levels, and production focus among farms. The procedure of the farm classification can be described in the following steps: Stage 1: Calculation of Standard Output Coefficients (SOC). Stage 2: Calculation of SO for each production (crops and livestock). Stage 3: Calculation of the total SO of the farm. Stage 4: Determination of the Economic Size of the farm. Stage 5: Determination of the Type of Farm. In addition, the study identifies problems associated with data collection, methodological discrepancies and the integration of small farms into the FADN system. The authors emphasize that the importance of maintaining harmonized typological classifications across EU member states. Such consistency ensures the reliability of cross-country comparisons and supports the formulation of effective agricultural policies that address the diversity of farming structures within the Union. So, the implementation of FADN in Ukraine will contribute to the harmonization of agricultural statistics and comparative analysis at the European level. The article concludes that further improvement of the typology framework and strengthening of digitalization efforts will contribute to better policy formulation and sustainable development of agriculture of Ukraine.
Gender Equality Indicators in Ukraine: Impact Analysis of Gender Initiatives
(Національна академія статистики, обліку та аудиту, 2025) Akbash K . S .; Pasichnyk N . O .; Rizhnіak R . Yа .
The article presents the results of a study on determining the impact of gender initiatives on indicators of gender equality in Ukraine . For analysis, the authors chose the Gender Development Index and the Gender Inequality Index, as well as their composite indicators . The gradation of gender initiatives was carried out using the following scale: general issues of gender equality; development of gender-sensitive legislation; conducting a gender audit; introducing a gender component into educational programs; combating gender stereotypes and discrimination; protection from gender-based violence; gender-responsive budgeting . The result of the study was the following practical conclusions . Firstly, the correlation analysis between gender indices (Gender Development Index and Gender Inequality Index) and the total number of gender initiatives showed that gender initiatives have a significant impact on key indicators of gender development and gender inequality in Ukraine . Secondly, the forecast of stable values for the Gender Development Index indicates that we should not expect significant changes in this index in the coming years . This may indicate the sustainability of gender policies and the level of equality, but at the same time it indicates that global changes may not be fast enough . Third, the decline in the Gender Inequality Index indicates potential positive changes . The forecast for the coming years shows the possibility of reducing inequality, which could be the result of successful reforms and policies . Fourthly, the forecast of a decrease in the number of gender initiatives is a signal for a review of the current situation in the field of gender equality . A significant decline in activity may indicate that greater efforts should be made to support and implement new programs to combat gender inequality . However, these forecasts only partially take into account possible changes caused by military events in Ukraine . The factor of war can significantly affect these indicators, leading to increased inequality or even decreased access to basic rights and resources for women and minorities . The impact of war on the number of gender initiatives may be even more pronounced because in times of war, states may cut funding for social programs or focus on rebuilding infrastructure rather than promoting gender equality . This could lead to a sharp reduction in the number of initiatives or their cancellation . Taking this factor into account is important for adjusting policy strategies and initiatives that aim to support equality in the face of global upheaval .
Harmonizing Non-financial Information of Business Enterprises in the European Union and Ukraine
(Національна академія статистики, обліку та аудиту, 2023) Lubenchenko O. E.
Apart from financial statements, business enterprises make and submit non-financial reporting regulated by several Directives of the European Union (EU), national law of EU member states and Ukraine. Recently these normative documents required amendments, because users of non-financial reporting were concerned with a broader range of supplementary information. It covers company’s goals and strategies; environmental sustainability; extension of the responsibility of company management and top administrative staff for the assurance of sustainability; the concept of materiality and its analysis; the assessment of risks specific to sustainability, affecting the performance of company and having indirect adverse effects for community and environment; the disclosure of information on intangible assets (human, intellectual and social capital); research, development and innovation; social responsibility before employees, respect to human rights and fighting with corruption and bribery. Therefore, the EU Council approved the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive. The information disclosure in non-financial report was made the exclusive responsibility of business enterprise management, and it depends on the specific of national law and business activities of an enterprise. Bearing this in mind, the procedure for the compilation of non-financial report was developed, with clarifying the issues that required consideration: structuring of non-financial reporting; setting up the indicators of financial and non-financial reporting; collection of data and estimation of results; preparation, monitoring and presentation of the report. The proposed structuring is meant to help a business enterprise focus on urgent issues of non-financial reporting, first and foremost on highlighting its market sustainability and sustainable development perspectives. A set of indicators characterizing non-financial reports is proposed: ratio of competition intensity, ratio of market advantage, overall index of labor productivity, index of turnover of goods, works and services. Clarifications are made in the basic terminology: non-financial information, nonfinancial reporting, sustainable development, integrated reporting, and corporate reporting. They help make the procedure for monitoring of non-financial reporting regular and transparent for users.
High-Tech Industry in the EU: Policy, Economy, Statistics
(Національна академія статистики, обліку та аудиту, 2024) Salikhova O. B.
The analysis of the legal framework supporting the European Union’s decisions on the EU industrial sector, particularly high-tech manufacturing, shows that the European Commission maintains a long-standing commitment to prioritizing technological development in industries. To enhance their potential and competitive advantages, mechanisms of industrial, scientific-technological, and innovation policy are primarily employed. At the same time, research results show the growing trade deficit EU high-tech trade. The aim of the article is to deepen understanding on the policy and economic dimensions of high-tech activity, as well as to statistical estimates of production and international trade flows of high-tech goods in EU between 2008 and 2023. The economic-statistical analysis revealed that, since the early 2000s, the EU has gradually increased its trade deficit in high-tech goods with China. In 2009, the negative balance was €43.1 billion, rising to €73.1 billion by 2019; in 2022, the trade deficit with China reached a historic high of €129.6 billion; by the end of 2023, it was €105.5 billion. Countries such as Thailand, South Korea, Malaysia, Taiwan, and Vietnam have significantly increased their exports of high-tech goods to the EU since 2019, contributing to a growing negative balance. Before the pandemic in 2019, imports from Asian countries of high-tech goods in the groups of Electronics & Telecommunications and Computers and office machines grew at the highest rates. In the category of Electronics & Telecommunications, imports from China increased from €63,013.9 million to €89,228.1 million from 2019 to 2023; imports from Taiwan – from €3,644.7 million to €16,489.4 million; and imports from Vietnam – from €110.2 million to €14,053.8 million. In the category of Computers and office machines, imports from China increased from €40,177.4 million to €42,752.0 million; imports from Taiwan – from €802.6 million to €9,917.6 million; and imports from Vietnam – from €21.1 million to €2,787.2 million. This led to a significant trade deficit for the EU in high-tech goods from these countries. The work substantiates that the EU leadership has adopted new political documents, which prioritize reducing strategic external dependency on imports and implementing measures to enhance their effectiveness. It should serve as benchmarks for developing policies for the growth of high-tech industries in Ukraine amid wartime conditions and post-war economic recovery.
Implementation of Artificial Intelligence in EU Industry: Trends Аnalysis.
(Національна академія статистики, обліку та аудиту, 2026) Polozova, T. V.; Salikhov, M. M.
The article analyzes current trends in the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in manufacturing in the European Union. It is established that since 2018, the EU has evolved from the formation of basic regulatory frameworks to a comprehensive architecture aimed at integrating AI into economic systems, production processes, and organizational models. It was found that the share of enterprises using at least one AI technology increased from 6.93% in 2021 to 17.27% in 2025, indicating a shift from fragmented use to systematic integration of AI in production and management processes. The analysis of high-tech (KTI) and traditional (non-KTI) sectors revealed clear structural differences: in 2025, the highest levels of AI adoption among KTI sectors were recorded in pharmaceutical manufacturing (41.32%), computer, electronic, and optical equipment production (37.44%), chemical manufacturing (28.45%), electrical equipment manufacturing (25.90%), and mechanical engineering (25.45%). This reflects the high intensity of digitalization in knowledge-intensive sectors, where AI is integrated into production and innovation processes. It was determined that national AI adoption trajectories in 2021–2025 form two groups: 1) countries with a high initial base (over 10%), including Denmark, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Germany, Slovenia, Austria, Belgium, and Sweden, demonstrate stable digital transformation; 2) countries with a lower starting base, such as Estonia, Lithuania, Ireland, and Malta, show accelerated growth. For Ukraine, research priorities are justified: assessing the efficiency of digital transformation under limited resources, integrating ICT and AI into traditional manufacturing and service sectors, and identifying factors that stimulate digital innovation. The results may serve as a scientific basis for improving strategic documents on the digitalization of Ukraine's economy, promoting high-tech sectors, supporting traditional sectors through AI access, standardizing solutions and personnel training, and considering European regulatory approaches to integrate Ukrainian manufacturing into the EU digital space.
International Trade of Pharmaceutical Products and Issues of National Security
(Національна академія статистики, обліку та аудиту, 2024) Salikhova O . B .
With the COVID-19 pandemic, the world entered a reality that can be called “medicines power” . The closure of factories in China due to strict quarantine, the ban on exporting certain goods from India in early 2020, the unavailability of air transportation, and blocked sea routes caused disruptions in supply and blocked value-added chains . It became evident: there is a threat of depend on the import of active pharmaceutical ingredients and medicaments, medicinal, and pharmaceutical products, production of which is concentrated in Asia . It is clear that countries with scientific, technological, innovational and production capabilities to ensure the needs of healthcare sector (including pharmaceutical goods), are less vulnerable and dependent on imported supplies (mostly from unfriendly nations) . On the contrary, countries lacking adequate resources face national security threats . These threats are especially exacerbated during epidemics, crises, environmental disasters, and military conflicts . The aim of this article is to analyze of EU policy and the key trends in the export of pharmaceutical industry products from the EU, especially after the large-scale russian military invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 (and the European Council’s strong condemnation of russia’s aggressive war against Ukraine, and the imposition of a series of sanctions); in particular the identification of the volume of exports to russia and Ukraine; the development of recommendations for Ukraine regarding the development of the pharmaceutical industry and reducing external dependence on supplies and threats to national security . The analysis showed that in 2023, russia ranked 6th among the largest EU partners for the import of medicinal products, medical and pharmaceutical goods . The EU exported medicaments, medicinal, and pharmaceutical products to russia worth €8 .8 billion (medicaments, medicinal, and pharmaceutical products became the leaders in exports from the EU to russia in 2022–2023) . Ukraine paid $1 .96 billion for the import of this goods; in 2023, the expenses increased to $2 .21 billion (close to the amount paid in 2019, which was $2 .24 billion), despite a significant decrease in Ukraine’s population due to migration, casualties, and the temporary occupation of Ukrainian territories . Since the responsibility of governments lies in efforts to care for the nation’s health, ensure the efficiency of the economic system and social stability, the article justifies the need to initiate negotiations with European partners regarding the construction of pharmaceutical enterprises (relocating from Asia), specifically for the production of pharmaceutical and biological ingredients, as well as finished medicines, within Ukraine . Such measures are a rational and politically justified decision . This will help reduce the EU and Ukraine’s external strategic dependence on supplies (including from unfriendly countries) and ensure the regulation and management of the industry’s development in national interests . In case of threats, this will allow measures to influence the structure and volume of production, which, as the 2020 lockdown showed, turned out to be impossible with the placement of production capacities in countries where the free flow of goods becomes difficult in crisis situations .
Measuring the Sustainable Development and Building Its Global Indicators: The Methodological Framework
(Статистика України, 2024) Kobylynska, Т . V .; Kobylynskyi, V . M .
The article elaborates on the methodological framework for measurement of the sustainable development, incorporated in the EU policy and legislation through the strategy for socio-economic development of EU “Europe 2020” . The 2030 Agenda on Sustainable Development (referred to hereinafter as the 2030 Agenda), fully conforming to the EU’s vision of the future, has become a sustainable development blueprint at global scales . EU member states continue to be leaders in implementing the 2030 Agenda and SDGs with the full compliance with the subsidiarity principle . The monitoring on the progress on the way to SDGs is carried out by the SDGs nomenclature using open and inclusive approach, with the involvement of EU Council Committees (economics, financial, labor, social protection), the European Statistical Advisory Committee, the European Environment Agency, nongovernment organizations, other international organizations and research circles . The indicators measuring the progress towards SDGs have been selected in view of their compliance with the EU policy, potentials, accessibility, country coverage, timeliness and quality . It is emphasized in assessing the regional and sub-regional progress towards SDGs, the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP) uses two main indicators: index of current progress and index of achieved progress . Three main approaches designed for the same purpose, to assess the progress towards SDGs, were analyzed . It was revealed that these approaches provide responses on absolutely different questions . As each method is specific in terms of data set, analytical tools and ways of results’ interpretation, each country should make its own choice of the methodology to be used . The notion of “achieved progress” can have many different definitions depending on what dimension is addressed, what goal is set, what comparison is made, how the data are aggregated or how the indicators are selected and used . Regarding the domestic trends, it is highlighted that the national statistical system of Ukraine jointly with VoxUkraine and with support from the UN Development Program for Ukraine makes assessment of the progress towards SDGs by UNESCAP methodology .
The National Bank of Ukraine During the War: The Preliminary Assessment of Actions and Effects
(Статистика України, 2024) Motuzka, O . M .; Szyszko, M .
The article contains results of a study on the monetary policy of the National Bank of Ukraine (NBU) in time of the war . NBU does not have a crucial role in management of the crisis related with the war . But it plays a pivotal role in ensuring the proper operation of the national economy, cares about the price stability and supports the economic policy of the state . The NBU’s role in mitigating the economic crisis in Ukraine stemming from the war and in sustaining the social stability is vitally important . It is stressed that the military action accompanied by the humanitarian crisis made NBU refocus the effort on monetary provision of the economy and sustaining the macroeconomic stability . The Russian invasion of Ukraine opened an historic opportunity for watching the monetary policy pursued by a central bank in the conditions of war . Once the large-scale war broke out, the Ukrainian economy (and, hence, the government and NBU) had to encounter vast financial losses . Many citizens fled abroad amid the growing need to purchase imported goods for army supply . This boosted the public expenditures, including hard-currency ones . To keep the reserves, NBU had to impose tough currency restrictions, including ones on the purchase of uncritical imports . To prevent a potential immediate devaluation of hryvna (UAH) at the beginning of the war, NBU fixed UAH rate to foreign currencies on February 24, 2022 and suspended calculations of the reference rate UAH/USD . It is emphasized that NBU has developed a set of potential measures to strengthen the monetary transmission and optimize the structural surplus of UAH liquidity . Details of these measures’ design are being discussed as part of the current consultations of NBU and the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine with IMF . In the forthcoming period, NBU is expected to focus on implementing an updated structure of regulatory capital, updated approaches to determining the risk weights for selected types of assets, the leverage ratio, the limit of significant risks and the standards for information disclosure .
Policy of Development of High-tech in China: Lessons for Ukraine
(Національна академія статистики, обліку та аудиту, 2023) Salikhova, O. B.; Krekhivskyi, O. V.
China in the late 1980s, has embarked on a new path of high-tech manufactury development that is in line with its ambitions. The philosophy of China’s innovation and industrial policy is based on the idea that the achievement of competitive manufactury must be through the national high-tech zones and high-tech enterprises, creating new products and processes based on indigenous innovation. The purpose of the study is to to explore the Chinese experience on policy and mechanisms of development of high-tech manufacturies and to analyze of statistical tools to assess its implications; to assess the appropriateness or feasibility of their application in modern economic conditions of Ukraine. The study’s results have enhanced the existing understanding of the effect of State on accelerating the process structural transformation of the economy and its qualitative technological growth. Discovered the fact, that the Chinese Government is providing substantial support in the form of subsidies and tax incentives for establishment of special high-tech zones and high-tech enterprises for encourage the production of new and high-tech products and processes. It was revealed that, in order to grasp the economic operation and scientific, technological, industrial development of high-tech zones and high-tech enterprises, statistical investigation system was specially formulated іn addition to official statistics of the High-tech industries. It is proven that China’s state-led innovation development model has successfully accompanied and stimulated the growth of high-tech over the last 30 years; and has produced numerous endogenous technological innovations. Analysis revealed that considerable efforts in the field of policy of China transforming the industry into a high-tech sector of the economy and a powerful player in the global market have outstanding performance. The article presents the new indicator EVA – coefficient of Comparative Advantages in the Domestic Value Added Exports and formula for its calculation is provided which allow the assessment of the position of China’s high-tech industries, widening the ‘revealed comparative advantage’ concept. This study shows some important conclusions about the determinants of success of the Chinese government in increase of resources for the modernization of industrial technologies, building and strengthening of potential of domestic high-tech manufacturies. It would be advisable to take into account some important levers of influence, following the example of China, when choosing mechanisms for the economic recovery of Ukraine after war.
Policy on the Development of Innovation Clusters in the EU. Conclusions and Tasks for Ukraine
(Національна академія статистики, обліку та аудиту, 2025) Salikhov M. M.
The article demonstrates that since the early 2000s, the EU’s cluster policy has transformed into one of the key instruments for achieving the strategic goals of the European Union. It has been established that the creation of clusters was embedded in the Lisbon Strategy and, since 2006, received formal regulatory recognition in the official documents of the European Commission. It has been identified that, thanks to the establishment of a High-Level Advisory Group, the foundations of a general cluster development policy within the EU were formed (which became the basis for the introduction of corresponding national policies), as well as specialized platforms and support mechanisms were launched. The study establishes that in EU documents clusters are considered a tool for enhancing the socioeconomic stability of regions (in particular through the implementation of smart specialization strategies), increasing industrial competitiveness, stimulating innovation in small and medium-sized enterprises, and forming transnational value chains. It is concluded that the EU's cluster policy has a complex, cross-sectoral character, combining not only the instruments of innovation, industrial, and regional policies, but also those of other policy areas. Based on the analysis of the EU experience, the following proposals are made: to establish a national-level expert group on cluster policy for developing the conceptual foundations of building a cluster ecosystem in Ukraine; to take measures to ensure coordinated actions among central executive authorities regarding the creation, functioning, and support of clusters within the framework of relevant policies; to designate the development of innovation clusters as a priority of state cluster policy (their development directions should correspond to the priority areas of innovation activity defined by Ukrainian legislation); to launch a budget program for providing state aid to such clusters; and to introduce tools to encourage the internationalisation of Ukrainian innovation clusters, in particular by creating cross-border partnerships with European clusters, research institutions, and businesses aimed at solving common problems under current challenges and threats.
Research of Eco-Innovations as the Basis for the Sustainable Economic Development: Theoretical Dimensions
(Національна академія статистики, обліку та аудиту, 2023) Hrynchak N . А .; Motuzka O . M .; Galitsyna O . V .
The article discusses theoretical dimensions of research of eco-innovations as the basis of the sustainable economic development . The role of eco-innovation is substantiated and the formation of the concept of ecoinnovation is studied . The essence of eco-innovations is defined, with showing their distinction from other categories of innovations . A specific feature of eco-innovations, technologies for renewable energy in particular, is that they a require political support and have global market potentials . Eco-innovations cannot be interpreted in a way similar to other innovations (e . g . from the perspective of dual external effects or regulatory effects of pull and push) . They need a relevant theory and specific policies . The types of innovations are characterized . The unclear borderlines between various types of parallel innovations are highlighted, which complicates research processes . Innovations and eco-effectiveness are key components of national and international economic strategies and strategic components of the sustainable development . Innovations increase the effectiveness and profitability of businesses, allowing them to penetrate new markets and expand the existing ones . Hence, being a critical factor behind the sustainable development, innovations promote employment growth, social welfare and better quality of life . The drivers of eco-innovations are characterized . The contribution of eco-innovations in the sustainable economic development and transformation of the economy in low-carbon or circular one is substantiated . Given that eco-innovations are a process and that the environmental effects of the product lifecycle have to be comprehensible, eco-innovations are very difficult to measure . The most common methods used for this purpose can be grouped in the following way: analysis of surveys; analysis of patents; analysis of digital and documentary resources . Measurement of eco-innovations at various levels, be it company, industry, region country or international level, is a complex and multipurpose problem .
The Russian-Ukrainian War: the Possibility of Assessment of Demographic Losses
(Статистика України, 2024) Puhachova, M. V.
Determining demographic losses in wars is an important and complicated problem for demographers and statisticians and a vital one for the society. To have the result produced, specialists need to assess not only immediate direct death toll among military and civilians due to warfare, but the war-entailed migration of the population beyond the country borders and the decreased birth rate. Regrettably, the full-scale Russian invasion in the Ukrainian territory has already demonstrated an incredibly high death toll. Because the official statistics provided by the State Statistics Service of Ukraine has abstained, since the beginning of 2022, from publishing estimates pertaining to natural and mechanic movement of the population due to security considerations in time of war, researchers have to use information from various analytical websites, produced on the basis of available sources. Another challenge is the prolonged absence of a population census that was performed in independent Ukraine only once, in 2001. Hence, prior to the full-scale invasion the information on the population number (together with the temporarily occupied Crimea and the territories in the East) was based on estimated data. The article presents an attempt to analyze, on the basis of available information, the relative death toll due to the Russian-Ukrainian war over nine years, and to compare it with the analogous data for selected Balkan countries in the wars of late 20th – early 21st centuries. It is demonstrated that the annual relative death toll due to warfare (per 100,000 population) in Ukraine in 2022, although estimated by the available incomplete data, exceed all the analogous figures for Balkan countries. The article’s objective is to explore a feasibility of assessing demographic losses, relative death toll in particular, in time of the Russian-Ukrainian war and Balkan wars. The analysis led to the conclusion that the demographic losses in Ukraine could not be feasibly assessed not only due to missing data on excess casualties caused by the war, but also due to the unknown number of temporary migrants (war refugees) and impossibility to estimate the number of children probably unborn due to the war.
Statistical Accounting and Classification of Water Resources
(Національна академія статистики, обліку та аудиту, 2025) Motuzka, O . M .
The article examines the role of statistical accounting and classification of water resources in ensuring sustainable development, environmental balance, and economic security . Water is not only a fundamental component of the natural environment but also a critical factor in the economic activity, determining the operation of key sectors such as agriculture, industry, energy, and urban infrastructure . In the face of global challenges – freshwater scarcity, water pollution, climate change, and increasing water stress – the development of a reliable system for water statistics becomes crucial . Such a system allows for quantitative and qualitative assessment of water availability, use, management efficiency, and environmental risks . The study contains a review of leading international approaches to water statistics, particularly the SEEAWater and IRWS frameworks, which integrate hydrological and economic indicators into the national accounting systems . Special attention is paid to conceptual approaches to assessing water as an economic asset, including the notions of water stress, virtual water, water footprint, full-cost pricing, and polycentric water governance . The article substantiates the need to develop a comprehensive system of sustainable water use indicators that includes water intensity, deficit ratios, pollution indices, and water supply reliability metrics . This approach enables tracking of water use dynamics and supports evidence-based decision-making at national and international level . A significant part of the study is devoted to the analysis of water classification systems . International classification approaches are considered, based on renewability, source, geography, quality, and sectoral use . Additionally, the article presents a national classification system that takes into account the legal status of water bodies, their physical form, affiliation with the water fund, economic purpose, and features of accounting in business entities . The findings highlight the need to harmonize national statistical practices with international standards, ensure institutional transparency, engage communities in data collection, and establish an integrated water monitoring system as a foundation for water security and sustainable development .

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