Статистика України

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Browsing Статистика України by Author "Motuzka, O . M ."

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    The National Bank of Ukraine During the War: The Preliminary Assessment of Actions and Effects
    (Статистика України, 2024) Motuzka, O . M .; Szyszko, M .
    The article contains results of a study on the monetary policy of the National Bank of Ukraine (NBU) in time of the war . NBU does not have a crucial role in management of the crisis related with the war . But it plays a pivotal role in ensuring the proper operation of the national economy, cares about the price stability and supports the economic policy of the state . The NBU’s role in mitigating the economic crisis in Ukraine stemming from the war and in sustaining the social stability is vitally important . It is stressed that the military action accompanied by the humanitarian crisis made NBU refocus the effort on monetary provision of the economy and sustaining the macroeconomic stability . The Russian invasion of Ukraine opened an historic opportunity for watching the monetary policy pursued by a central bank in the conditions of war . Once the large-scale war broke out, the Ukrainian economy (and, hence, the government and NBU) had to encounter vast financial losses . Many citizens fled abroad amid the growing need to purchase imported goods for army supply . This boosted the public expenditures, including hard-currency ones . To keep the reserves, NBU had to impose tough currency restrictions, including ones on the purchase of uncritical imports . To prevent a potential immediate devaluation of hryvna (UAH) at the beginning of the war, NBU fixed UAH rate to foreign currencies on February 24, 2022 and suspended calculations of the reference rate UAH/USD . It is emphasized that NBU has developed a set of potential measures to strengthen the monetary transmission and optimize the structural surplus of UAH liquidity . Details of these measures’ design are being discussed as part of the current consultations of NBU and the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine with IMF . In the forthcoming period, NBU is expected to focus on implementing an updated structure of regulatory capital, updated approaches to determining the risk weights for selected types of assets, the leverage ratio, the limit of significant risks and the standards for information disclosure .
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    Statistical Accounting and Classification of Water Resources
    (Національна академія статистики, обліку та аудиту, 2025) Motuzka, O . M .
    The article examines the role of statistical accounting and classification of water resources in ensuring sustainable development, environmental balance, and economic security . Water is not only a fundamental component of the natural environment but also a critical factor in the economic activity, determining the operation of key sectors such as agriculture, industry, energy, and urban infrastructure . In the face of global challenges – freshwater scarcity, water pollution, climate change, and increasing water stress – the development of a reliable system for water statistics becomes crucial . Such a system allows for quantitative and qualitative assessment of water availability, use, management efficiency, and environmental risks . The study contains a review of leading international approaches to water statistics, particularly the SEEAWater and IRWS frameworks, which integrate hydrological and economic indicators into the national accounting systems . Special attention is paid to conceptual approaches to assessing water as an economic asset, including the notions of water stress, virtual water, water footprint, full-cost pricing, and polycentric water governance . The article substantiates the need to develop a comprehensive system of sustainable water use indicators that includes water intensity, deficit ratios, pollution indices, and water supply reliability metrics . This approach enables tracking of water use dynamics and supports evidence-based decision-making at national and international level . A significant part of the study is devoted to the analysis of water classification systems . International classification approaches are considered, based on renewability, source, geography, quality, and sectoral use . Additionally, the article presents a national classification system that takes into account the legal status of water bodies, their physical form, affiliation with the water fund, economic purpose, and features of accounting in business entities . The findings highlight the need to harmonize national statistical practices with international standards, ensure institutional transparency, engage communities in data collection, and establish an integrated water monitoring system as a foundation for water security and sustainable development .