Browsing by Author "Salikhova O. B."

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High-Tech Industry in the EU: Policy, Economy, Statistics
(Національна академія статистики, обліку та аудиту, 2024) Salikhova O. B.
The analysis of the legal framework supporting the European Union’s decisions on the EU industrial sector, particularly high-tech manufacturing, shows that the European Commission maintains a long-standing commitment to prioritizing technological development in industries. To enhance their potential and competitive advantages, mechanisms of industrial, scientific-technological, and innovation policy are primarily employed. At the same time, research results show the growing trade deficit EU high-tech trade. The aim of the article is to deepen understanding on the policy and economic dimensions of high-tech activity, as well as to statistical estimates of production and international trade flows of high-tech goods in EU between 2008 and 2023. The economic-statistical analysis revealed that, since the early 2000s, the EU has gradually increased its trade deficit in high-tech goods with China. In 2009, the negative balance was €43.1 billion, rising to €73.1 billion by 2019; in 2022, the trade deficit with China reached a historic high of €129.6 billion; by the end of 2023, it was €105.5 billion. Countries such as Thailand, South Korea, Malaysia, Taiwan, and Vietnam have significantly increased their exports of high-tech goods to the EU since 2019, contributing to a growing negative balance. Before the pandemic in 2019, imports from Asian countries of high-tech goods in the groups of Electronics & Telecommunications and Computers and office machines grew at the highest rates. In the category of Electronics & Telecommunications, imports from China increased from €63,013.9 million to €89,228.1 million from 2019 to 2023; imports from Taiwan – from €3,644.7 million to €16,489.4 million; and imports from Vietnam – from €110.2 million to €14,053.8 million. In the category of Computers and office machines, imports from China increased from €40,177.4 million to €42,752.0 million; imports from Taiwan – from €802.6 million to €9,917.6 million; and imports from Vietnam – from €21.1 million to €2,787.2 million. This led to a significant trade deficit for the EU in high-tech goods from these countries. The work substantiates that the EU leadership has adopted new political documents, which prioritize reducing strategic external dependency on imports and implementing measures to enhance their effectiveness. It should serve as benchmarks for developing policies for the growth of high-tech industries in Ukraine amid wartime conditions and post-war economic recovery.
Statistics of High-Technology Manufacturing: Methodological Foundations
(Національна академія статистики, обліку та аудиту, 2025) Salikhova O. B.
The article explores the historical evolution and methodological transformation of approaches to classifying high-tech industries and assessing their contribution to economic development. Drawing on scientific works that have analyzed this topic since the 1950s, the author examines the transition from qualitative assessments of technological progressiveness to quantitative measurements based on the indicator of research and development (R&D) intensity (the ratio of R&D expenditures to value added or sales). Methodological approaches developed by scholars and international organizations are discussed, and normative threshold values for identifying high-tech industries are presented. Particular attention is given to the limitations of the sectoral approach, which predominantly relies on input indicators – such as R&D expenditures and the share of scientific and technical personnel – and insufficiently accounts for qualitative and institutional factors that influence innovation dynamics. The article also highlights conceptual contradictions arising from the assumption of technological homogeneity within industries, as well as methodological distortions caused by defining high-tech industries solely based on aggregated statistical indicators without considering intra-industry heterogeneity or the innovation activity of individual enterprises. It is emphasized that high R&D expenditures do not always reflect the actual enhancement of technological potential, as part of these expenditures may be directed towards non-technological measures, such as loss prevention, while low-tech industries may produce goods based on advanced technologies. To overcome these limitations, a comprehensive, multi-dimensional resource-output approach to evaluating high-tech production is proposed. This approach combines quantitative and qualitative indicators, incorporating the diagnosis of an enterprise’s technological potential, the analysis of measures to strengthen it, and the assessment of the effectiveness of these measures and the overall performance of the enterprise through the category of “overall quality”. The author outlines practical measures for Ukraine, including recommendations for developing methodologies for the identification and certification of high-tech enterprises, creating state registers of such enterprises, and implementing a multi-dimensional form of state statistical reporting that combines both quantitative and qualitative indicators to monitor their activities. These measures, especially under conditions of limited resources and time, could serve as the foundation for implementing a targeted approach to innovation stimulation, the formation of national technological champions, and the enhancement of Ukraine’s international competitiveness, which is particularly relevant in the context of post-war economic recovery